An idea of the life of ancient Lukoml is given by archaeological excavations that began to be carried out here in the 19th century. They continued especially actively in the 70s of the 20th century. They indicate that already in the 6th – 8th centuries the future settlement on the right bank of the Lukomka River was densely populated. In the 9th- 10th centuries, the Lukom Castle is a small fortress – one of the centers of Krivichi. The Lukom princes were connected with the trading operations of the Rusyns, controlled one of the portages that connected the watersheds of the Western Dvina and the Dnieper. During this period, the Principality of Lukom actively competed with Polotsk for hegemony in Podvinye. 

During archaeological excavations, various tools made of iron were found (a hoe, a 26 cm long mower knife, sickles, coulters, etc.), tools for fishing, pottery, millstones. Animal remains were also found, which indicated that the inhabitants of the Lukom Castle successfully hunted and consumed a lot of meat. During the excavations, glass jewelry was also found, and a gold openwork bead is now stored in the National Museum in Minsk. Many finds were related to weapons – spearheads, arrows, maces, axes.

Excavations in Lukomla have replenished the collection of ancient chess. A chess piece was found in the form of a sitting man with his arms crossed on his chest. This find testifies to the high level of development of the Lukoma Principality. Throughout history, monasteries and churches have existed on the territory of the principality.

Lukom Castle was destroyed in the 16th century during the Livonian War. On the picturesque bank of the Lukomka River, only the settlement of the former castle remains.